Mapping cropland fallow areas in myanmar to scale up sustainable intensification of pulse crops in the farming system     

Murali Krishna Gumma  Prasad S Thenkabail  Kumara Charyulu Deevi  Irshad A Mohammed  Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla  Adam Oliphant 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2018,55(6):926-949

Cropland fallows are the next best-bet for intensification and extensification, leading to increased food production and adding to the nutritional basket. The agronomical suitability of these lands can decide the extent of usage of these lands. Myanmar’s agricultural land (over 13.8 Mha) has the potential to expand by another 50% into additional fallow areas. These areas may be used to grow short-duration pulses, which are economically important and nutritionally rich, and constitute the diets of millions of people as well as provide an important source of livestock feed throughout Asia. Intensifying rice fallows will not only improve the productivity of the land but also increase the income of the smallholder farmers. The enhanced cultivation of pulses will help improve nutritional security in Myanmar and also help conserve natural resources and reduce environmental degradation. The objectives of this study was to use remote sensing methods to identify croplands in Myanmar and cropland fallow areas in two important agro-ecological regions, delta and coastal region and the dry zone. The study used moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m, 16-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) maximum value composite (MVC), and land surface water index (LSWI) for one 1 year (1 June 2012–31 May 2013) along with seasonal field-plot level information and spectral matching techniques to derive croplands versus cropland fallows for each of the three seasons: the monsoon period between June and October; winter period between November and February; and summer period between March and May. The study showed that Myanmar had total net cropland area (TNCA) of 13.8 Mha. Cropland fallows during the monsoon season account for a meagre 2.4% of TNCA. However, in the winter season, 56.5% of TNCA (or 7.8 Mha) were classified as cropland fallows and during the summer season, 82.7% of TNCA (11.4 Mha) were cropland fallows. The producer’s accuracy of the cropland fallow class varied between 92 and 98% (errors of omission of 2 to 8%) and user’s accuracy varied between 82 and 92% (errors of commission of 8 to 18%) for winter and summer, respectively. Overall, the study estimated 19.2 Mha cropland fallows from the two major seasons (winter and summer). Out of this, 10.08 Mha has sufficient moisture (either from rainfall or stored soil water content) to grow short-season pulse crops. This potential with an estimated income of US$ 300 per hectare, if exploited sustainably, is estimated to bring an additional net income of about US$ 1.5 billion to Myanmar per year if at least half (5.04 Mha) of the total cropland fallows (10.08 Mha) is covered with short season pulses.  相似文献   

Landfill site selection based on reliability concepts using the DRASTIC method and AHP integrated with GIS – a case study of Bengaluru city,India     

L. G. Santhosh  G. L. Sivakumar Babu 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2018,12(3):234-252

The selection of landfill sites for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal involves consideration of geological, hydrological and environmental parameters which exhibit large spatial variability. Therefore, it is necessary to define, to what extent the chosen sites are reliable such that the probability of environmental pollution and health risks to population is minimal. In the present study, groundwater vulnerability to contamination has been assessed using the standard DRASTIC method. The results showed that the study region has 9.45% of very less, 32.94% of less, 25.47% of moderate, 22.79% of high and 9.35% of very high vulnerable zones. The study also revealed that none of the landfills are located in safe zones. This suggests that it requires proper remedial measures to avoid environmental pollution. A landfill site selection process has been carried out using the Analytical Hierarchy Process integrated with Geographical Information System tools. The obtained results showed that only 3.59?km² (0.08%) of the total area is suitable for landfills. The reliability analysis of the site suitability revealed that landfills are located at unreliable locations where the probability of risk to environmental pollution is high. The presented approach assists decision-makers in selecting reliable locations for the safe disposal of MSW.  相似文献   

华南西部滨海湿地调查及主要成果   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

何海军  甘华阳  夏真  万荣胜  陈太浩 《中国地质调查》2018,5(6):75-82

通过遥感、单波束测量、地质取样、海水取样、钻探、地下水采集与监测等多种调查手段及工作方法,首次在我国华南西部开展1∶10万滨海湿地地质调查与生态环境评价工作,对滨海湿地类型及分布、滨海海域地形地貌、沉积物环境质量、海水环境质量、生态地质演化、地下水化学要素进行综合分析与研究。项目系统查明了该区滨海湿地类型、分布、生态环境现状及其主要影响因素,对湿地生态地质环境质量进行了综合评价,构建了华南西部滨海湿地地质调查技术方法体系和生态地质环境综合评价体系,提出了滨海湿地保护和恢复的建议,为后续我国南方滨海湿地调查提供了示范。  相似文献   

油气基础地质调查井新柯地1井工程设计          下载免费PDF全文

李正前  罗宏保  薛骁彤 《探矿工程》2018,45(8):39-43

以新柯地1井钻井工程设计为例,简述了工程设计的一般要求和原则,对新柯地1井工程设计的难点、钻井结构设计、钻机选型和设备要求、钻具组合和钻进参数、钻井液、固井、井控设计、录井、测井以及钻井工程施工情况进行了介绍。  相似文献   

页岩气基础地质调查皖南地1井钻探施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

刘文武  赵志涛  翁炜  朱迪斯  单文军  贺云超 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):66-70

皖南地1井是部署在安徽省南陵县烟墩镇的一口页岩气基础地质调查井。文章详细介绍了该井的钻探施工工艺技术以及遇到复杂问题的处理方法,并对钻效进行了分析,提出了实现优质高效钻探的措施。项目的顺利实施,梳理了皖南地区地层层序,为页岩气储层理论推测提供了有力的实物数据支撑和验证。  相似文献   

内蒙古北山额勒根乌兰乌拉一带土壤测量地球化学特征及找矿方向     

张善明  兰生科  贺中银  韩志敏  陈强  王永晖 《现代地质》2018,32(4):655

研究区位于内蒙古北山北带,成矿地质条件优越,1∶20万水系沉积物测量异常明显,且分布有额勒根乌兰乌拉斑岩型钼(铜)矿。以1∶5万土壤地球化学测量成果为依据,以地质认识为基础,研究了区内元素地球化学数据特征、地球化学场特征及综合异常特征。认为区内主成矿元素为Mo、Cu、Au,主要的控矿层位为咸水湖组火山岩段,成矿有利侵入体为石炭纪花岗闪长岩。划分出5种综合异常类型,其中与斑岩钼(铜)矿系统有关的综合异常和与奥陶系建造有关的综合异常是今后解剖找矿的重点。  相似文献   

西藏多龙矿区生态环境遥感调查研究     

王俊华 《地质与勘探》2018,54(4):781-790

本文依托项目《西藏多龙矿床技术经济与环境综合评价》,利用高分二号、资源三号及landsat8等多源遥感数据对西藏多龙矿区生态地质环境进行调查研究。通过遥感技术与实地调查结合,查明了矿区生态地质环境现状,取得了涵盖人类活动、矿山地质活动、河流湖泊现状、植被覆盖与荒漠化情况等内容的专题成果。研究结果表明,砂金矿开采及尾矿堆积物给当地生态环境造成不可逆破坏,同时探槽、钻孔及地表金属污染等也给生态环境带来一定程度的影响。通过对目前中国矿储量第一的多龙铜多金属矿床进行开发前全面、综合的生态地质环境调查研究,能够为藏北矿山开发对生态地质环境的影响评估提供科学依据,为西藏多龙矿区建设绿色矿山和绿色开发提供建议及决策依据。  相似文献   

季节性低温胁迫下陇东黄土高原油污土壤环境因子对耐冷混合菌场地生态修复的响应     

井明博  王金成  段春燕  杨蕊琪  任鹏  吴胜伟 《冰川冻土》2018,40(6):1242-1254

为了揭示季节性低温胁迫下陇东黄土高原油污土壤环境因子对耐冷混合菌场地生态修复的响应机制,利用自主筛选构建的耐冷石油降解混合菌在甘肃省庆阳市庆城县马岭镇长庆油田陇东油泥处理站开展了为期7个月的场地修复实验,采用常规方法测定了不同季节土壤理化特性、酶活性和微生物群落特性等环境指标。结果表明：（1）在季节性低温胁迫下（9-11月）M2组（耐冷混合菌处理组）月平均降解率明显增加（P<0.01）,JZJ+M1组（金盏菊联合常温混合菌处理组）和M2组累计TPH降解率分别为15.37%±3.51%和28.64%±4.12%。（2）M2组土壤脱氢酶和多酚氧化酶在低温季节（LT）活性最高,且温度和处理存在显著交互作用（P<0.01）。在土壤营养元素方面,无论何种处理方式（JZJ+M1和M2）二者含量均为RT（常温季节）高于LT（P<0.05）,同时明显高于CK组（P<0.05）。（3）M2组土壤微生物群落Shannon-Wiener指数和均匀度指数在LT高于RT（P<0.05）。（4）NMDS和Pearson相关性分析结果显示,M2组在低温季节具有较高TPH降解率主要与土壤多酚氧化酶、脱氢酶、单月TPH降解率（μ2）和Shannon-Wiener指数有关,且均呈极显著正相关关系。通过分析环境因子的季节响应,优化场地修复在低温环境的降解条件、加速低温期石油烃降解速率,以期为陇东地区低温耐冷混合菌场地生态修复技术的推广应用提供参考和基础数据资料。  相似文献   

发射光谱法测定区域化探样品中的Pb、Sn、Mo、V元素     

邬晓蒙 《地质与资源》2018,27(6):582-585

采用发射光谱法测定区域化探样品中Pb、Sn、Mo、V元素,以焦硫酸钾、氟化钠、三氧化二铝和碳粉的混合物为固体缓冲剂,采用外加内标法以锗（Ge）作为内标元素,选择合适的分析线对,选取国家一级地球化学标准物质（GBW水系沉积物、土壤）平行测定（n=12次）.测试结果准确度达到规范要求,满足区域化探样品的检测要求.  相似文献   

油铀兼探的找矿思路在松辽盆地的应用——以中央拗陷区南部为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张森  石蕾  鞠楠  苏建伟 《地质与资源》2018,27(3):257-262

以"油铀兼探"的找矿思路,带动松辽盆地中南部开展砂岩型铀矿调查选区及钻探验证工作.将异常强度250 API和450 API确定为划分潜在铀矿孔、潜在铀矿化孔和正常孔的关键技术指标,对中央拗陷区南部1572个钻孔进行异常筛查工作.排查发现潜在铀矿孔362个,潜在铀矿化孔223个.对191号钻孔和36号钻孔进行钻探验证,发现1个工业孔、1个异常孔.认为区内寻找砂岩型铀矿的有利地段为油田区反转构造形成的隆起区边部四方台组河流相砂体,并总结了中央拗陷区南部6种主要控矿因素.  相似文献